According to United Nations statistics, 15% of the world’s population has disabilities, and they are suffering from several types of discrimination in their communities, or difficulties resulting in denying them from having equality with other people in having some of their basic rights, such as the right to education, the right to work and the right to freedom of movement. Knowing that all international conventions related to people with disabilities guarantee them these rights and promote equalizing them with other groups of society and states the necessity of removing obstacles that are hindering them from accessing the main services provided.
Regarding the effort to integrate people with disabilities into society and to preserve their basic rights, most countries enact laws that protect them from all forms of discrimination. However, in countries suffering from internal conflicts, where the role of state institutions is absent and their services in the areas that are out of their control are ceased, as in the case of Syria, where these state institutions are replaced by bodies, institutions, non-governmental organizations or humanitarian organizations that carry out the tasks of providing essential services to people affected by crises, without being abided by specific laws, but whose work is governed by the principle of working to meet the needs of the most vulnerable people and people with most urgent needs.
In this context, we wonder about the ability of humanitarian organizations to abide by the principles of humanitarian action, which is based on the need for equality between the groups affected by crises, especially in the Syrian situation, where we have a large number of affected people, including people with disabilities, whose number has significantly increased due to the current war to reach 2.8 million people who are physically disabled according to the United Nations estimates.
Therefore, we will discuss through this study the extent of the humanitarian organizations targeting for people with disabilities through the projects that they are implementing, and the extent to which they consider their most important requirements and needs, and to analyze their ability to identify the people with disabilities and deal with the challenges these organizations face when trying to reach them, with highlighting obstacles that confront people with disabilities in accessing the services provided by those organizations.

view of the importance of working to achieve the integration of Syrian refugees into Turkish society, to reduce the tension among Turks towards the Syrians, and to determine the role of the Turkish language in achieving that integration, we have conducted this study, which aims to reveal the level of mastering the Turkish language among Syrian refugees in Turkey, identifying the reasons that hinder their ability to learn the Turkish language, knowing the degree of integration of Syrians into Turkish society, and the impact of their mastery of the language on their integration and Turks acceptance of them. and to know the situation of Syrian refugees in Germany regarding learning the German language in order to benefit from the German experience in developing the language abilities and skills of Syrian refugees in Turkey.

The study was conducted during the second half of 2020 and covered the states of Istanbul, Gaziantep, Hatay, and Urfa, which are the states in which the largest number of Syrians reside. During the study, key informant interviews were conducted with key informants interested in refugees’ integration in Turkey and Germany, and questionnaires were conducted with 340 Syrians residing within the states covered by the study, and the study adopted a stratified random sampling method to ensure including Syrians according to several variables such as gender, age, and educational level